文法_動名詞 / 不定詞

動名詞
動詞+ing ->名詞
可當主詞
Playing tennis is enjoyed by many people.
Taking drugs is avoided by most people.
可當動詞的受詞
I enjoy studting English.
He does not mind walking long distances.
可當介系詞(at,in,about,of,on)的受詞
This book is about traveling.
He is responsible for cleaning the kitchen.
My brother is capable of writting programs.
You just keep on going straight.

不定詞
to+動詞 ->名詞
不可接在介系詞後面
可當主詞
To play tennis is great fun.
To play safe in the stock market is necessary.
To be kind to others is important for every one.
To respect your parents shows good character.
可當動詞的受詞
I like to swim.
He loves to listen to jokes.
My brother seems to be different.
I agree to lend him money.
Do you like to sing?
可以接在代名詞之後當直接受詞(動詞+代名詞+不定詞)
I told him to work hard.
I asked my brother to come back home.
He respects his friends to help him.
My teacher told me to wait for him.
I invited my sister to go to see a movie.
不定詞常用在被動語氣中
He was told to work hard.
My brother was asked to come back home.
His friend is respected to help him.
I was told by my teacher to wait.
My sister was invited to go to see a movie.

love,like,hate,start,begin可接動名詞或不定詞,意義相同
stop接動名詞或不定詞,意義不相同
sotp smoking -> 不再抽菸
stop to smoke -> 停下來之後,開始抽菸

只能接動名詞的動詞
I enjoy eating good food.
I appreciate you being kind to others.
You should avoid making mistakes.
Keep on working hard.
Keep singing.
He considered leaving home.
He finished writing this book.
May I suggest drinking a cup of coffee?
We discussed traveling to New Zealand.

只能接不定詞的動詞
I agree to sign this letter.
He plans to go away.
They want to rent a car.
He decided to work hard.
He seems to be very happy.
He appears to be very sad.

動名詞和不定詞的被動和否定形式
Everyone liked to be loved.
This cup needs to be washed.
Being trusted is important.
I told him not to leave this house.
He asked me not to cry.
I was told not to fall asleep in class.
To be given a good gift on Chrismas Eve makes me happy.
Being invited to that party is a great honor to me.

不定詞的簡式
以下的動詞後接不定詞,省略to
let -> My mother let me watch TV tonight.
make -> He makes his students respect teachers.
have -> He had his son clean their rooms.
see -> I saw him run away.
hear -> I heard the birds sing.
watch -> I watched the kids play.
notice -> I noticed her cry.
help後面的不定詞,to可省略也可不省
I helpded him wash his car. = I helped him to wash his car.