筆記單字_1111

banishing
crop
Bangladesh
toll
diarrhose
framework
address
multinational
marketed
pledge
critic
sceptic
opponent
intermediate
controversially
back
despite
forgoing
tap
objective
subjective
tractor

筆記_Speaking_communication

“...... communities could form organisations to help oversea foreigners or students 【oversea students or foreigners】...
OR:
“...... communities could form organisations to help oversea foreigners or students 【immigrants, students or vistors】...

..............................................................
“...maybe the government in foreign countries can 【government in forign countries could】[offer support by setting up an advice bureau] ...”

..............................................................
“...As to me, 【As far as I am concerned,】...”

..............................................................
“...when travelling, a person can enjoy different sceneries 【a range of scenery】..”

..............................................................
“...they can communicate to the local people 【communicate with the local people】...”
..............................................................
“...people living in a foreign country may have culture shock 【experience culture shock】...”

..............................................................
“...we may have a language barrier 【there may be a language barrier】when we living abroad 【when living abroad】...”

..............................................................
“...when compared to people in holiday 【on holiday】...”

..............................................................
“...It’s hard to say; I think it’s up to everyone’s decision 【each of us to decide for ourselves】...”
OR:
“...It’s hard to say; I think it’s up to everyone’s decision 【each of us to make our own decision】...”
..............................................................
“...restrict the people ability【the abilities of individuals】...”

..............................................................
“...this would make people feel very safety and hospitable 【safe and well cared for】...”

..............................................................
“...he or she may be a open-minded people 【an open-minded person】...”

..............................................................
“...nowadays, modern transport has shortened the distance 【reduced journey times】...”

Note:
If you were to make this statement figuratively, not literally (i.e. according to the laws of physics!), then you would have to phrase your statement like this:

“...nowadays, it almost seems as though modern transport has shortened the distances between places ...”

...this lets the listener know you haven’t made a mistake or said something that should be logical but is not. When speaking figuratively, use:

‘It almost seems as though...’
‘It is almost as if...’
..............................................................
“...Take, for example, the recent games in Beijing;we may have seen lots of excellence in all kinds of races 【excellence in a wide variety of sports】...”

..............................................................
“...having a sense of national pride may improve people to challenge by themselves 【be importtant for self-motivation, giving an individual the resources to push themselves and challenge theri own limitations】...”

..............................................................
“...if the time isn’t enough 【if there isn't enough time】...”
OR:
“...if the time isn’t enough【if the time available is insufficient】...”
..............................................................
“...In my opinion, take a trip【by taking a trip】 to a foreign city can learn 【one can learn】[a little about a foreign culture] ...”

..............................................................
“...you can spend some time to do【spend more time doing】 [various activities] ...”
OR:
“...you can spend some time to do【take some time to do】 [the things that interest you most] ...”
..............................................................
“...which is because of that they have 【because of the fact that they have】firm [beliefs about polite society] ...”

..............................................................
“...I think [these people] have too many manner which is very complex【too many complex customs and social forms】...”
OR:
“...I think [these people] have too many manner which is very complex 【their manners are too complex】...”
..............................................................
“...people can immerse themselves to a foreign culture【immerse themselves in a foreign culture】 ...”

..............................................................
“...maybe they get better job after they finish study 【will get a better job after finishing their studies】...”

..............................................................
“...to improve their fun 【to ensure that they have fun】...”

..............................................................
“...travelling by your own has some bad things【traveling by yourself carries some risks】 ...”
OR:
“...travelling by your own has some bad things【traveling on your own has some associated risks】 ...”
..............................................................
“...[when people use stereotypes] they usually mention about【mention】 [annoying eating habits, special talents or different ideas about what it is to be polite] ...”

..............................................................
“...[going on holiday] is quite different to live abroad【to living abroad】 ...”

..............................................................
“...firstly, short time stay one place is important 【the length of stay is important】...”
OR:
“...firstly, short time stay one place is important 【a short stay in one place will produce a certain sort of experience】...”
..............................................................
“...[expats] may suffer some pressures such as the different weather conditions 【suffer, experience certain pressures such as those caused by unfamiliar weather conditions】...”

筆記單字_1104_supplement03

defiance

abstract

radical

relative

impassioned

gesture

fist

noncommittal

conceive

revolutionary

belief

authenticity

practitioner

copycat

dismiss

sellout

figure

gain

visibility

phenomenon

fade from

invisibility

persist

aesthetic

racially

by no means

contemporary

acrylic

varying

span

retrospective

Pop

Minimalism

Conceptualism

Cosmopolitanism

emigrate

splendid

aluminum

sphere of influence

inspire

quilt

Islamic

arabesque

mentor

superb

instrumental

in residence program

nurture

instantly

absence

binding

determinedly

individualistic

bunch

self-contained

fragmented

composition

pitch

tilt

interplay

weightlessness

gravity

steel

sculpture

free-handing

levitate

midair

smashing

spacey

homage

float

category

reclining

polychrome

hover

horizontally

metaphor

lunar

landscape

resin

otherworldly

sheen

adamantly

association

lynch

aspect

capacious

筆記單字_1102

irrigation

yield

spring-loaded

grip

regulate

susceptible

electronic

sensor

clip

thickness

accuracy

micrometre

thirsty

consist

plate

board

voltage

circuit

signal

fed to

adjust

conventional

periodically

continuously

field study

consumption

grapefruit

green pepper

spicy pepper

tomato

temperature

stem

refined

surprised

amazed

shocked

found

calculate

學院字彙76個_1102

abandon
accomplish
adapt
adequate
adjust
appreciate
appropriate
area
attitude
altitude
chemical
circumstance
classic
commune
conduct
conflict
consume
convene
coordinate
correspond
credible
critic
dedicate
deficient
deviate
discrete
disperse
dispose
drama
dynamic
economy
estimate
exclude
exert
explicit
exploit
factor
feature
final
geography
image
intellect
intelligent
issue
labor
maintain
manifest
maximum
motive
network
norm
notate
occupy
orientate
physical
plot
pole
positive
preposition
prestige
previous
proprietor
rational
relevance
rely
reveal
rotate
satellite
scheme
seek
source
superficial
task
transition
underlie
visual

筆記_Speaking_5W+How

FESTIVALS
Who
The centries-old festival still offers pleasure for the young and old alike.

What
According to Taiwanese customs ....
It is customary to V
A is celebrated with Ving
holding a barbeque / grilling chicken legs and pork chops on racks
setting off firecrackers
worshipping the Gods
giving / receiving the red envelopes
standing an egg at its end at the noon
wrapping zong zi
burning ghost money
burning incense
watching the lion dances
couplets are seen on every door
all the members of the family gather to enjoy a reunion dinner

When
Unlike most Western holidays which are based on the solar calendar, "A" follows the lunar calendar.
The "Dragon Boat Festival" falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month.

Where

Why
The festival strengthen the bond between the living and the departed family members.
This actions are supposed to prevent evil and encourage good luck.
Sticky-rice balls, which symbolise family unity are a customary snack.
The zong zi treats memorialize Qu Yuan, a poet during the Warring States Period.

How
The traditional holiday has become increasingly commercialised.
These days, the food seems more important than the meaning of the festival.
Judging from current perspetives, .....
The spirit of Lunar New Year is growing dimmer every year.

筆記_Speaking_Time初級

之前 One thing before another
Before
[+ clause: most typical]
Before I went to work, I fed the cat.
[+ -ing form: formal/written style]
Before going to work, I worte some letters.
Formerly
[fairly fromal, typical written; used when something has changed its name or state etc,]
The city is noe called Thatcherville. Formerly it was Grabtown.
Prior to
[formal/written style]
I had written to her prior to meeting the committee.
Previously
Before that, I ....
It was nice to be in Venice. Previously I'd only been to Rome.
[fairly formal, more informal would be before that, I ....]
Earlier on
[before than fairly informal]
I was in the office from 2.30. I was out earlier on.
Earlier on I was out.

Previously / Before that, I ... / Prior to -> 兩段時間做比較
Earlier on -> 和現在做比較

同時 Things happening at the same time
While
While I waited, I read the newspaper.
[or, more formal: While waiting,I read ....; the waiting and reading happen together.]
As
[As describes the background when something happed in the foreground]
[As CANNOT be immediately followed by -ing.]
As I was driving to work, I saw an accident.
just as
[precise moment]
I saw her just as she was turning the corner.
at the very time / the very moment
[those two are stronger and more precise than as or just as]
She was rntering at the very time(the very moment) I was leaving.
Whenever
[every time]
Whenever I watch sad film, I cry.
During
[During does not specify how long within a period of time.]
During the war, I lived in Dublin.
Throughout
[Throughout means from the beginning to the end of a period of time.]
Throughout the war. food was nationed.

之後 One thing after another
After
After I'd locked up, I went to bed.
[More formal: After locking up;... Do not usually say 'After having locked up...' Having locked up;.... is fine as well]
Then
After that
After that first we went to theatre.
Then / After that we had a meal. He feel ill and was admitted to hospital.
afterwards
[In those two examples, after that and afterwards are interchangeable.]
He died soon afterwards.
Following 絕對不可接子句,只可接名詞(名詞子句或片語)
[fairly formal]
Following my visit to Beijing I bought several books about China.

連接 Connecting two periods or events
In the meantime 用現在式或未來式
[between now and the meal]
Dinner will be ready in about an hour. In the meantime, relax and have a drink.
Till then 用未來式
The new computers are arriving soon. Till then, we'll have to use the old ones.
Since then 用完成式
I just met him in 1985. Since then I haven't seen him.
By the time 用現在式
By the time I retire, I will have worked here 26 years.
[Don't say: By the time I will retire.....]

何時 Time when
When
When I'm rich and famous, I'll buy a yacht. 用現在式代替未來式
[Don't say: When I will be rich....]
As soon as
[immediately after] 有強制性,將兩個動作連在一起
As sonn as we're packed we can leave.
Once
[less specific] 有開放性的選擇,在兩個動作之間,可有其他動作
Once we've finished we can go and have a coffee.
the moment / the mimute
The moment(The minute) I saw his face I knew I'd met him before.
the time (that)
I stayed in that hospital the time (that) I broke my leg.
On that occasion
[more formal]
I met Polly at Ken's wedding. On the occasion she was with a different man.